The concept of “いく: to go” and “くるof Motion of Objects: to come” is a little different
from English. In Japanese, when you move from your place to other places,
you always use いく and vice versa. If the speaker who is talking about someone who
comes to the place where the speakers is
in , use 【くる】
Note 2:
The conjugation will depend on where you put
yourself in terms of tense.
Note 3:
As a time flow, the point to note when using [いく/ くる] is that use [くる] to express the change or continuation to a specific point where you (are/will be/were) in, and use [いく] to express the change, continuation or to start from the specific point where you (are/will be/were) in.
1.The first case is when you put yourself at present. In this case, ていく means future tense and てくる needs to be てきた and indicates present perfect tense.
2.The second case is when you put yourself in the future. This is simple. Both of them indicate future tense.
3.The third case is when you put yourself in the past. In this case, ていく needs to be ていった and indicates past-future tense, i.e. “would.” てくる needs to be てきていた and indicates past perfect tense, i.e. “had done.”
How
to use |
meaning |
examples |
Translation |
Details |
||
Verb |
+いく/くる(Helping verb) |
manner of motion State at the time of movement |
彼は毎日学校まで歩いていきます/きます |
He walks to school
every day. |
|
|
to do… and come back the order of things going and returning (coming). |
図書館に本を返してきます |
I will return the
book to the library |
Use only くる |
|||
Time Flows |
to start/ to become ※Start of state change |
日本にきてから、日本語に慣れてきました/いきました |
Since I came to
Japan, I I've started to get used to Japanese. |
terms of tense Case 3 |
||
to continue/ to go
on. Continuation of action(basically effort) (from past to present) |
今日から日本語をもっと真剣に勉強していきます |
I will study
Japanese more seriously from today |
terms of tense Case1 |
|||
私は3年前から日本語を勉強してきました |
I have been studying
Japanese for 3 years |
|||||
私は、来年から日本語を勉強していきます |
I will study
Japanese from next year |
terms of tense Case 2 |
Exercises
Translate the following using てくる/ていく
1.
[My] mother sent an email (and it reached me).
2.
[My] friend called [me] at night.
3.
[It] will become summer gradually.
4.
[My child] has grown into an adult little by
little.
5.
Last year, It is (start to)been getting hot
since/from June
6.
Maybe this year too, it will get hot by /from June
Answer
1. お母さんは、私にメールを送ってきました Motion of Objects/One-sided action to here
2. 友達は、夜に電話をかけてきました Motion of Objects/One-sided action to her/
3. 徐々に夏になってきました CASE 1
4. 子供は少ずつ大人になってきました CASE 1
5. 去年は6月から暑くなってきました/いきましたCASE 3
6. たぶん今年も、6月に暑くなってくるでしょう/いくでしょう CASE 2
make sentences 1
〜ている/〜ていくを使って文を作りましょう。
日本/移民
老人/スマホ
テレビ/youtube
古い家/新しいマンション
世界/英語
減る
増える
慣れる
make sentences2
〜てくる、〜ていくを使って文を作りましょう。
1.20年前と現在を比べて変わったことを挙げてください。
2.これから10年でどんなことが変わっていくと思いますか?
・あなたの国
・世界
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