Passive/Causative form

1.Passive form

 The passive form is used to give the meaning of "being done" in English, so たべる (to eat) becomes たべられる (to be eaten)

 

(Affected person or thing)	（Actor）	Particle に marks the Actor: someone (or something) who carried that action	Action	Translation
わたしは	ともだち	に	くるま　をつかわれました	I had my car used by a friend of mine (and I am mad/sad about it)
わたしは	ともだち	に	パーティーにさそわれました	I was invited to a party by my friend.

 

How to Make Passive Form

Verb category	dictionary form	Passive	How to conjugate	Note
Ru-verb	みる (see)	みられる	Replace る with られる	Same rule as the Potential form  -rareru form
U-verb	いく i ku (go)	いかれる i ka reru	Replace  ない with -れる from ない　form
irregular	くる (come)	こられる	Replace first letter くwith こ　and replace る with られる	Same rule as the Potential form  -rareru form
	する (do)	される	Replace すwith され

Passive Exercises

Genki 2 workbook

Genki 2

2.Causative form

This form is usually used in the context of making somebody do something.

Someone who directs/allow what to do to someone.	A person who performs an action by someone's direction	Particle に marks the person who performs that action	Action	Translation
せんせいは	がくせい	に	たんご　を　おぼえさせました	The teacher made the students remember the words
おとうさんは	こどもたち	に	やさい　を　たべさせました	The father made his child eat vegetables

  

How to Make Causative Form

Verb category	dictionary form	Causative form	How to conjugate
Ru-verb	みる (see)	みさせる	Replace final る with させる
U-verb	いく i ku (go)	いかせる i ka seru	Replace  ない with せる from ない　form
irregular	くる (come)	こさせる	Replace first letter くwith こ　and replace る with させる
	する (do)	させる	Replace すwith させ

Causative Exercise 

Genki 2 work book

Genki 2 

When the causative form is used with 「あげる」「くれる」and「もらう」（Giving/Receiving), it almost always means to “let or allow someone (to)do”.

Someone who directs/allow what to do to someone.	A person who performs an action by someone's direction	Particle に marks the person who performs that action	Action	How to make	Translation
せんせいは	がくせい	に	にほんごを　はなさせてくれませんでした	Replace final letter of causative verb with て and add あげる/くれる/もらう	The teacher didn't let the students speak English
わたしは	こども	に	すきなところに　いかせてあげます		I will let my children go to the place they love

3.Causative passive form 

The sentences are used when you want to say that you are made to do (basically something you do not want to do.) 

Compare with causative form

Causative
Someone who directs/allow what to do to someone.	A person who performs an action by someone's direction	Particle に marks the person who performs that action	Action	Translation
おとうさんは	こども	に	やさい　を　たべさせました	The father made the child eat vegetables

You may notice the topic are switched between the 2.

Causative Passive
A person who performs an action by someone's direction	Someone who directs/allow what to do to someone.	Particle に marks the person deciding what is to be done	Action	Translation
こどもは	おとうさん	に	やさい　を　たべさせられました	The child made eat vegetables by dad

How to Make Causative Passive Form

Verb category	dictionary form	causative passive verbs	How to conjugate	Note
Ru-verb	みる (see)	みさせられる	Replace final る with させられる	just add "られ" between "させ" and "る" in causative form
U-verb	いく i ku (go)	いかされる i ka sareru	Replace  ない with される   in ない　form
irregular	くる (come)	こさせられる	Replace first letter くwith こ　and replace る with させられる	just add "られ" between "させ" and "る" in causative form
	する (do)	させられる	Replace すwith させ　and replace る with させられる	just add "られ" between "させ" and "る" in causative form

Causative Passive Exercise 

Genki 2 work book

Genki 2